1. What is a Landscape Lighting Wire Size Calculator?

Definition: This calculator determines voltage drop to help select the appropriate wire gauge for landscape lighting systems.

Purpose: It ensures proper voltage reaches lighting fixtures by accounting for wire resistance and length.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the formula:

Where:

• \( V_d \) — Voltage drop (volts)
• \( I \) — Current (amperes)
• \( L \) — Total wire length (feet)
• \( R \) — Wire resistance (ohms/1000 ft)

Explanation: The formula calculates voltage loss over the wire length, helping determine if the wire gauge is adequate.

3. Importance of Voltage Drop Calculation

Details: Proper wire sizing prevents dim lights, uneven illumination, and ensures system longevity.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the current in amperes, total wire length in feet (both ways), and wire resistance (default 1.98 for 12 AWG). All values must be > 0.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why multiply by 2 in the formula?
A: The factor of 2 accounts for the round-trip path of current (both to the fixture and back).

Q2: What's a typical acceptable voltage drop?
A: For 12V systems, keep voltage drop under 1.2V (10% of nominal voltage).

Q3: How do I find wire resistance values?
A: Resistance per 1000 ft: 12 AWG=1.98Ω, 10 AWG=1.24Ω, 8 AWG=0.78Ω, 14 AWG=3.14Ω.

Q4: What if my voltage drop is too high?
A: Use a larger wire gauge (lower AWG number) or reduce the wire run length.

Q5: Does this include transformer voltage?
A: No, this calculates only the voltage drop. Compare against your transformer's output voltage.