The formula to calculate PPFD (\(µmol m^{-2} s^{-1}\)) from Solar Radiation (W/m²) is:

\[ PPFD = Solar\ Radiation \times Conversion\ Factor \]

Where:

• \(PPFD\) is the Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density.
• Solar Radiation is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
• Conversion Factor depends on the specific conditions and equipment used.